한국의 전통 가정교육과 종교

ABSTRACT

Korean Traditional Thought of Family Education(KTTFE) means the educational thought that the traditional thought of the Koreans has formed home. This KTTFE has been shaped on the ground of 'characterisic culture focusing devotion to the welfare of mankind(弘益人間)', 'tradition of repecting ancestor', and 'dialecical thought of the sacred & the profane', and influenced by Confucianism. Concretely speaking, the educational thought of original Confucianism was publicly imported into Korea without resistance, when Korean Kogooryer Kingdom established the public school called as Taehark(太學) in A.D 372 and when Korean Shilla Kingdom build up the public school named as GooKhark(國學) in A.D. 682. Then, the educatinal thought of Chinses Sung Confucianism(Chinese Dualistic Philosophy) was organized in Korean Chosun Dynasty, with accepting the docrines of it. These educational thought of original and sun Confucianism was so-called KTTFE which was formed in Korean home, before Gahbo Reform(甲午改革) in Chosun Dynasty.The study aimed to look into KTTFE. So the life of ancient Koreans and thd archetype of their educational culture were analyzed with focusing Tankun-Myth firstly, and then Chinese ancient references. After that, the relation of educational principles as the foundational factors of KTTFE were analyzed: between filial piety(孝) and reverence(敬) and 'strict father and benevolent mother(嚴父慈母)'.The ancient Koreans were in the area of the Korean Peninsular and the Bahlhae-Bay near Chinese Yodong Peninsular, and were named as Dongyi(東夷)-Tribe. They were 'men with virtue(君子)' who would live enjoying the worthy living as worthy men, in viewpoint of the ancient Chinese. So the ancient Chinese recognized Korea as a nation of men with virtue, or a nation of having always men with virtue. Likewise, we Koreans have taken pride in our country as original place of men with viture, or oriental nation with courtesy.Thus the ideal of Korean life and culture is to devote himself to the welfare of mankind, according to the result os studying Tankun-Myth which is the Alpha and the Omega of Korean people and culture in the point of the science of religion. Like this, the Kroean life considering as worthy life is devote himself to the welfare of mankind. Therefore the final goal of Korean education is to foster people who can devote himself to the welfare of mankind, and the basic process of character education is "suffering → death → resurrection". Its methodological principles are spontaneity, passion, perseverance, and finally awakening. And its educational content are Tankun-Myth and life itself.As synthesizing the above, the traditional thought of Korean education has been derived from the characteristic culture of Tankun-Myth and the Korean unique culture of respecting ancestor, with accepting the educational thought of Confucianism. According to the educational thought of Confucianism, man is a relational being, and a model of worthy human being is the man with virtue. The methodological principle that the man woth virtue realizes goodness(仁) is through filial piety(孝) as the foundation of virtue(德), and the essence of filial piety is reverence(敬). Reverence is the mixed mind and feeling with love(愛), and fear(畏). Therefore 'succeeding in life to develop high character(立身行道)' is the educational goal for filial piety(孝), and is the state realizing goodness through enlarging reverence. People realizing this state is the very men woth virtue, and we Koreans havee regarded them as people who devote themselves to the welfare if mankind(弘益人間).So KTTFE is what has harmonized both the characteristic culture and the culture if respecting ancestor in addition to the educational thought of Confucianism, with formed in educational relation called as family, The core principles of KTTFE are 'filial piety(孝)' and ;strict father and benevolent mother(嚴父慈母) is the methodological principle for educationg children to form correctly the frame of character in early time of life span, According to this, KTTFE and its methodological principles can be the Korean cultural tradition and the general rules for character education. Thus it will be an educational correct frame shich will have to be preserved continuously forward, if man as a realtional being remains living with the others.